Articles

2024 and in press

Torrez, B., Hollie, L., Richeson, J. A., & Kraus, M. W. (2024). The misperception of organizational racial progress toward diversity, equity, and inclusion. American Psychologist, 79(4), 581-592. Download

Torrez, B., Dupree, C. H., & Kraus, M. W. (2024). Objectivity interrogation of racial scholarship in psychology and management. Scientific Reports, 14, 12509. Download

Ledgerwood, A., Lawson, K. M., Kraus, M. W., Vollhardt, J. R., Remedios, J. D., Westberg, D. W., Uskul, A. K., Adetula, A., Leach, C. W., Martinez, J. E., Naumann, L. P., Reddy, G., Chucky Tate, C., Todd, A. R., Weltzien, K., Buchanan, N., González, R., Montilla Doble, L. J., Romero-Canyas, R., … Zou, L. X. (2024). Disrupting Racism and Global Exclusion in Academic Publishing: Recommendations and Resources for Authors, Reviewers, and Editors. Collabra: Psychology, 10(1). Download

Figueroa, D., Hunger, J. M., Kraus, M. W., Muscatell, K. A., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2024). Social class stigma and poorer health behaviors: Evidence from the eating in America study. Social Science & Medicine, 347, 116765. Download

Tan, J. J. X., Tan, C. H., & Kraus, M. W. (2024). Subjective socioeconomic status moderates how resting heart rate variability predicts pain response. Affective Science, 5, 67. Download

Torrez, B., Dupree C. H., & Kraus, M. W. (2024). How race influences perceptions of objectivity in journalism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 110, 104525. Download

Kraus, M. W. (2024). Review of “Censorship on Campuses” by Clark, Winegard, and Farkas. Qeios. Download

2023

Kraus, M. W., & Vinluan, A. C. (2023). Reminders of Japanese redress increase Asian American support for Black reparations. Communications Psychology, 1 (33). Download

Kraus, M. W. (2023). A healthy PhD. Nature Reviews Psychology, 2(1), 2-3. Download

2022

Callaghan, B., Delgadillo, Q., & Kraus, M. W. (2022). The influence of signs of social class on compassionate responses to people in need. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 936170. Download

Park, J. W., Vani, P., Saint-Hilaire, S., Kraus, M. W. (2022). Disadvantaged group activists’ attitudes toward advantaged group allies in social movements. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 98, 104226. Download

Callaghan, B., Kraus, M. W., & Dovidio, J. F. (2022). Social class predicts preference for competent politicians. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 100, 104298. Download

Kraus, M. W., Torrez, B., & Hollie, L. (2022). How narratives of racial progress create barriers to diversity, equity, and inclusion in organizations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 43, 108-113. Download

Kraus, M. W., Hudson, S. T. J., & Richeson, J. A. (2022). Framing, context, and the misperception of racial economic inequality. Social Psychological and Personality Science 13(1), 4-13. Download

Dupree, C. H., & Kraus, M. W. (2022). Psychological science is not race neutral. Perspectives on Psychological Science 17(1), 270-275. Download

Torrez, B., Dupree, C. H., & Kraus, M. W. (2022). Examining the racialized consequences of objectivity in management scholarship. In E. King, Q. Robertson, & M. Hebl (Eds.), Research on Social Issues in Management (V. 3): The Future of Diversity & Inclusion. Download

2021

Onyeador, I. N., Daumeyer, N. M., Rucker, J. M., Duker, A., Kraus, M. W., & Richeson, J. A. (2021). Disrupting beliefs in racial progress: Reminders of persistent racism alter perceptions of past, but not current, racial economic equality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(5), 753-765. Download

Callaghan, B., Harouni, L., Dupree, C. H., Kraus, M. W., & Richeson, J. A. (2021). Testing the efficacy of three informational interventions for reducing misperceptions of the Black-White wealth gap. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(38), e2108875118. Download

2020

Tan, J. J. X., Kraus, M. W., Carpenter, N., Adler, N. E. (2020). The association between objective and subjective socioeconomic standing and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 46(11), 970-1020. Download

Kuo, E. E., Kraus, M. W., & Richeson, J. A. (2020). High-status exemplars and the misperception of the Asian-White wealth gap. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(3), 397-405. Download

Tan, J. J. X., Kraus, M. W., Impett, E. A., & Keltner, D. (2020). Partner commitment in close relationships mitigates social class differences in subjective well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(1), 16-25. Download

Kraus, M. W., & Torrez, B. (2020). A psychology of power that is embedded in societal structures. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 86-90. Download

2019

Kraus, M. W., Onyeador, I. N., Daumeyer, N. M., Rucker, J. M., & Richeson, J. A. (2019). The misperception of racial economic inequality. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 899-921. Download

Kraus, M. W., Torrez, B., Park, J. W. L., & Ghayebi, F. (2019). evidence for the reproduction of social class in brief speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (46), 22998-23003. Download

Kraus, M. W., Brown, X., & Swoboda, H. (2019). Dog whistle mascots: Stereotypic Native American mascots as normative expressions of prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 84, 103810. Download

Kraus, M. W., Callaghan, B., & Ondish, P. (2019). Social class as culture. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (eds.) Handbook of Cultural Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 721-747). NY: Guilford. Download

 2018

*Piff, P. K., *Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2018). Unpacking the inequality paradox: The psychological roots of inequality and social class. In J. Olson (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 57, 53-124. Download

Tan, J. J. X., & Kraus, M. W. (2018). Judgments of interpersonal warmth predict class differences in political candidate support. Social Cognition, 36, Special Issue: The Status of Status: Vistas from Social Cognition, 106-133. Download

Kraus, M. W. (2018). Beggars do not envy millionaires: Social comparison, socioeconomic status, and subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (eds.), Handbook of Well-Being. Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers. DOI: nobascholar.com. Download

Kraus, M. W. (2018). What is a meaningful improvement in emotion detection? Reply to Rossiter (2018). American Psychologist, 73, 691-692. Download

2017 

Kraus, M. W., Rucker, J. M., & Richeson, J. A. (2017). Americans misperceive racial economic equality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(39), 10324-10331. Download

Kraus, M. W., Park, J. W., & Tan, J. J. X. (2017). Signs of social class: The experience of economic inequality in everyday life. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(3), 422-435. Download

Côté, S., Kraus, M. W., Carpenter, N., Piff, P. K., Beermann, U., & Keltner, D. (2017). Social affiliation in same-class and cross-class interactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146, 269-285. Download

Kraus, M. W. (2017). Voice-only communication enhances empathic accuracy. American Psychologist, 72(7), 644-654. Download

Kraus, M. W., & Park, J. W. (2017). The structural dynamics of social class. Current Opinion in Psychology, 18, 55-60. Download

Cohen, D., Shin, F., Liu, X, Ondish, P., & Kraus, M. W. (2017). Defining social class across time and between groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 43(11), 1530-1545. Download

Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt-Same, M. (2017). Cultural expressions of social class and their implications for ingroup-related beliefs and behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73, 158-174. Download

2016

Kraus, M. W. & Callaghan, B. (2016). Social class and pro-social behavior: The moderating role of public versus private contexts. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7, 769-777. Download

2015

Kraus, M. W., & Tan, J. J. X. (2015). Americans overestimate social class mobility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 58, 101-111. Download

Kraus, M. W. (2015). Americans still overestimate social class mobility: A pre-registered self-replication. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1709. Download

Tan, J. J. X., & Kraus, M. W. (2015). Lay theories of social class buffer lower-class individuals against poor self-rated health and negative affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 446-461. Download

2014

Kraus, M. W., & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Sartorial symbols of social class elicit class-consistent behavioral and physiological responses: A dyadic approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(6), 2330-2340. Download

Kraus, M. W., & Callaghan, B. (2014). Noblesse oblige? Social status and economic inequality maintenance among politicians. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e85293. Download

Kraus, M. W., Oveis, C., Logli-Allison, M., Young, R., Tauer, J., & Keltner, D. (2014). Teasing, taunting, and the politics of politeness: High sociometric status is associated with expectation-consistent behavior. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e104737. Download

Kraus, M. W., & Park, J. W. (2014). The undervalued self: Social class and self-evaluation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1404. Download

Kraus, M. W. & Chen, S. (2014). Relational self-verification through self-presentation: Implications for perceptions of one’s honesty and authenticity, Self & Identity, 13, 45-57. Download

2013

Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2013). Social class rank, essentialism, and punitive judgment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 247-261. Download

Kraus, M. W., Tan, J. J. X., & Tannenbaum, M. B. (2013). The social ladder: A rank-based perspective on social class, Psychological Inquiry, 24, 81-96. Download

Kraus, M. W., Tan, J. J. X., & Tannenbaum, M. B. (2013). Locating the social ladder across cultures and identities, Psychological Inquiry, 24, 131-134. Download

Horberg, E. J., Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2013). Pride displays communicate self-interest and support for meritocracy, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 24-37. Download

Kraus, M. W., & Chen, T. D. (2013). A winning smile? Smile intensity, physical dominance, and fighter performance, Emotion, 13, 270-290. Download

Kraus, M. W., Adler, N., & Chen, T. D.  (2013). Is the association of subjective SES and self-rated health confounded by negative mood? An experimental approach, Health Psychology, 32, 138-145. Download

2012

Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K, Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Keltner, D. (2012). Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor, Psychological Review, 119, 546-572. Download

*Kraus, M. W. & *Stephens, N. M. (2012). A road map for an emerging psychology of social class, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 642-656. Download

Anderson, C., Kraus, M. W., Galinksy, A. D., & Keltner, D. (2012). The local ladder effect: Sociometric status and subjective well-being, Psychological Science, 23, 764-771. Download

Piff, P. K., Stancato, D. M., Martinez, A. G., Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2012). Class, chaos, and the construction of community, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 949-962. Download

Stellar, J., Manzo, V., Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2012). Class and compassion: Socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering, Emotion, 12, 449-459. Download

Kraus, M. W., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Piff, P. K. (2012). The intersection of rank and resources: Signaling social class in face-to-face encounters. In S. T. Fiske & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Facing Social Class (pp. 152-172). New York: Russell Sage. Download

2011

Kraus, M. W., Horberg, E. J., Goetz, J. L., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social class rank, threat vigilance, and hostile reactivity, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1376-1388. Download

*Kraus, M. W., *Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social class as culture: The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 246-250. Download

Côté, S., Kraus, M. W., Cheng, B., Oveis, C., van der Lowe, I., Lian, H., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social power facilitates the effect of prosocial orientation on empathic accuracy, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 217-232. Download

Kraus, M. W., Chen, S, & Keltner, D. (2011). The power to be me: Power elevates self-concept consistency and authenticity, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 974-980. Download

Chen, S., Boucher, H., & Kraus, M. W. (2011). The relational self: Emerging theory and evidence. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 149-175). New York: Springer. Download

2010 and earlier 

Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., & Keltner, D. (2010). Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy, Psychological Science, 21, 1716-1723. Download

Kraus, M. W., Huang, C., & Keltner, D. (2010). Tactile communication, cooperation, and performance: An ethological study of the NBA, Emotion, 10, 745-749. Download

*Piff, P. K., *Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B., & Keltner, D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 771-784. Download

Kraus, M. W., Chen, S., Lee, V. A., & Straus, L. D. (2010). Transference occurs across group boundaries, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 1067-1073. Download

Kraus, M. W. & Chen, S. (2010). Facial feature resemblance elicits the transference effect, Psychological Science, 21, 518-522. Download

Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D., Galinsky, A. D., & Kraus, M. W. (2010). Paradoxes of power: Dynamics of the acquisition, experience, and social regulation of social power. In A. Guinote & T. K. Vescio (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Power (pp. 177-208). New York: Guilford Press. Download

Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2009). Social class, sense of control, and social explanation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 992-1004. Download

Kraus, M. W. & Chen, S. (2009). Striving to be known by significant others: Automatic activation of self-verification goals in relationship contexts, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 58-73. Download

Kraus, M. W. & Keltner, D. (2009). Signs of socioeconomic status: A thin-slicing approach, Psychological Science, 20, 99-106. Download

Keltner, D., Van Kleef, G. A., Chen, S., & Kraus, M. W. (2008). A reciprocal influence model of social power: Emerging principles and lines of inquiry. In M. A. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 151-192. Download